Céntrate (Deep Work)

Céntrate (Deep Work)

  • Downloads:6814
  • Type:Epub+TxT+PDF+Mobi
  • Create Date:2022-01-26 08:16:04
  • Update Date:2025-09-24
  • Status:finish
  • Author:Cal Newport
  • ISBN:8411000516
  • Environment:PC/Android/iPhone/iPad/Kindle

Summary

El «Deep Work» es la capacidad de concentrarse sin distracciones en una tarea cognitivamente exigente。 En un mundo altamente competitivo que además incentiva la hiperconexión y la multitarea, la atención se ha convertido en un activo extremadamente valioso。 A partir de cuatro reglas prácticas, Carl Newport demuestra que reforzar nuestra capacidad de concentración y saber alejarse de las distracciones tecnológicas son los primeros pasos para lograr la felicidad y el éxito profesional。

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Reviews

Nuno Coelho

“Deep Work” é mais um livro (e isto não é um ponto negativo) que entra para a categoria de obras com informação e conhecimento muito relevantes para a melhoria da forma como pensamos, trabalhamos, e, em última instância, vivemos。Não sei que acontece comummente com outras pessoas, ou se essas pessoas fazem um exercício de introspeção frequente de forma a obter tal resultado, mas no meu caso, sinto que cada vez me é mais difícil fazer aquilo que neste livro é entendido como “Deep Wok”, ou seja, tr “Deep Work” é mais um livro (e isto não é um ponto negativo) que entra para a categoria de obras com informação e conhecimento muito relevantes para a melhoria da forma como pensamos, trabalhamos, e, em última instância, vivemos。Não sei que acontece comummente com outras pessoas, ou se essas pessoas fazem um exercício de introspeção frequente de forma a obter tal resultado, mas no meu caso, sinto que cada vez me é mais difícil fazer aquilo que neste livro é entendido como “Deep Wok”, ou seja, trabalho focado, concentrado, livro de distrações e, por consequência altamente produtivo。Muitos vezes parece que o dia é vivido pela rama, num constante apagar de fogos, acudir a ocorrências menores, responder permanentemente a emails, e o tempo para pensar e refletir até sobre o que fazemos é escasso, ou mesmo inexistente。Eu assumo que sinto falta de tempo para pensar e refletir, e este livro constitui uma boa ajuda para quem procura não apenas uma solução, mas uma solução adaptada para conseguir realizar “Deep Work”, independentemente da sua realidade。Um dos pontos objeto de atenção é a internet e as redes sociais enquanto fatores perturbadores da concentração e da canalização da atenção para o que interessa。 Só por esta parte do livro por si só já vela a pena a leitura。 É uma fotografia perfeita da (má) realidade que temos hoje。Tomei as minhas notas, sei que voltarei ao livro para rever alguns pontos e vou fazer por aplicar a receita que mais se adaptar à minha realidade。 Tudo porque me revejo muito das ideias do autor e na necessidade urgente de parar par refletir para conseguir produzir não mais trabalho, mas mais qualidade。Recomendo vivamente a quem padeça de uma realidade em que sinta a mesma necessidade que descrevo acima。 。。。more

Sashadac

The one book that cleared up all my questions regarding how to stop procrastinatingGenuinely amazed at the insights and the progress that I am now making

Jelle Van Den Berg

Bevat nuttige tips om afleiding uit de weg te gaan en te kiezen voor de weg van focus op de waardevolle activiteiten。 Weinig stellingen uit het boek zijn helaas originele ideeën en je blijft als lezer niet achter met een actieplan van duidelijke verbeteringen die je kan aanbrengen。 Eerder een waaier aan nuttige tips die in je achterhoofd blijven kleven。 Toch drie sterren, want de boodschap mag er zijn en inspireert toch tot het opkrikken van de productiviteit。

Nick Quenga

Good sections, exercises, and examples。 Way to reframe your thought processes, goal setting, and schedules to accomplish things that only you can do。 Strongly recommend。

O A

This book has some valuable insights and helpful tips but half of the information is just common sense and the remaining half could easily be just a long blog post instead of a book in its own。 I could possibly list all the important aspects in at most 50 pages or so。 If the excessive use of anecdotes and repeated explanations are eliminated, the book would be just that long。 50 pages。 But then it would be unthinkable to get it published or sell it for its current price wouldn’t it。This is the d This book has some valuable insights and helpful tips but half of the information is just common sense and the remaining half could easily be just a long blog post instead of a book in its own。 I could possibly list all the important aspects in at most 50 pages or so。 If the excessive use of anecdotes and repeated explanations are eliminated, the book would be just that long。 50 pages。 But then it would be unthinkable to get it published or sell it for its current price wouldn’t it。This is the dilemma that publishers have。 For them to earn some money the book needs to look for the part and it should seem to worth the cost。 For this book, cost is certainly not justified。 Just read a good summary of it if you’re interested in and avoid the mostly “shallow” work。 Get it? 。。。more

Bella Zarlengo

This book was a slow read for me at times。 But it was definitely inspiring to work harder in ways I hadn’t fully considered before。

Kayleigh

As with most self help books, it's longer than it needed to be。 Skip the intro and part 1 and go straight into part 2: the rules — if you're reading this book, you already recognize the importance of deep work and don't need to be convinced by the first 100 pages。 There are some practical tips, some outdated use cases, but one thing that struck me while reading is that he only referenced two women in the entire book (one being JK Rowling)。 Perhaps men of a certain class find it easier to get int As with most self help books, it's longer than it needed to be。 Skip the intro and part 1 and go straight into part 2: the rules — if you're reading this book, you already recognize the importance of deep work and don't need to be convinced by the first 100 pages。 There are some practical tips, some outdated use cases, but one thing that struck me while reading is that he only referenced two women in the entire book (one being JK Rowling)。 Perhaps men of a certain class find it easier to get into deep work because many of them have women and other people at their disposal to take care of everything else in their lives。。。 but I digress。 。。。more

Fabio Leal

Great book with insights about how to do meaningful work。

Robert Priscu

Very disappointing book。 Full of “fluff” with very little substance。 I found very few actual advice that I can act upon。 Might be more practical for researchers, writers or academics, but not for corporate executives, save for a few trivial advice。

Jenna White

Good practical tips, but padded。 Better than most business/professional self help books。

Cristóbal Añez

Mentalidad de tiburon

Sergi

I have read some of the Tim Ferris books and Flow from Csikszentmihalyi regarding work productivity and Cal's approach seems to be more adapted to the real life scenarios -Well, Cal works as a professor, so some of his own examples are not so easy to translate into an office work。 Anyway, I feel reflected in some of his examples like the busyness as Proxy for Productivity: In the absence of clear indicators of what it means to be productive and valuable in their jobs, many knowledge workers turn I have read some of the Tim Ferris books and Flow from Csikszentmihalyi regarding work productivity and Cal's approach seems to be more adapted to the real life scenarios -Well, Cal works as a professor, so some of his own examples are not so easy to translate into an office work。 Anyway, I feel reflected in some of his examples like the busyness as Proxy for Productivity: In the absence of clear indicators of what it means to be productive and valuable in their jobs, many knowledge workers turn back toward an industrial indicator of productivity: doing lots of stuff in a visible manner。 Although it is difficult that your approach for your daily life changes after reading a book, Cal's book give you very useful tips of things to take into account。 。。。more

Thomas Johansson

Among the sensible advice it gets too preachy and full of itself。

Pawel Grzybek

After reading “Digital Minimalism” by Cal Newport, I knew this wouldn’t be the last book I read by this author。 So, being fascinated by the results of a distraction-free lifestyle, I decided to give this almost legendary publication a read。“Deep Work” starts from the precise definition of deep and shallow effort and why the prime one is crucial for impactful work in economics nowadays。 Significant capital, being exceptionally good at something, and deep focus work are the only three ways to achi After reading “Digital Minimalism” by Cal Newport, I knew this wouldn’t be the last book I read by this author。 So, being fascinated by the results of a distraction-free lifestyle, I decided to give this almost legendary publication a read。“Deep Work” starts from the precise definition of deep and shallow effort and why the prime one is crucial for impactful work in economics nowadays。 Significant capital, being exceptionally good at something, and deep focus work are the only three ways to achieve impact。 Still, distraction-free, uninterrupted work is the only one you can train by following a few simple rules。 This book helps to define these rules and provide easy to follow actionable advice。The author is obsessed with productivity, and as much as I admire him, I can’t agree with everything he says。 I think you absolutely can achieve a fulfilled life without scheduling every minute of it。 I tried that, and it very quickly became a paranoiac race to tick off all my “to do” list items。 Nah — never again!I highly recommend this book to everyone interested in boosting their productivity by actual deep work — a good balance of theory and rules which are easily applicable to your everyday life。https://pawelgrzybek。com/book-review-。。。 。。。more

hut

Solid book。 I’m sold on deep work, only downfall is the argument for many entrepreneurs who are extremely successful only doing ‘shallow work’。 But I think everyone can agree, undistracted & focused work = big gains。 Book especially relative in the distracted world we live in today。

Joel Ratcliffe

I am totally rethinking how I work as a result of this book。 Lots of wisdom。

Sarah

If I could pull a Henry David Thoreau and move to Walden Pond to accomplish some deep work, I would。 While that isn't particularly feasible at this point in my life, I can still set boundaries for myself to accomplish deep work—something we're all made to do。 I loved this book, with all of its wisdom, practicality, and even scientific evidence proving how much it matters what we set our minds on。 If I could pull a Henry David Thoreau and move to Walden Pond to accomplish some deep work, I would。 While that isn't particularly feasible at this point in my life, I can still set boundaries for myself to accomplish deep work—something we're all made to do。 I loved this book, with all of its wisdom, practicality, and even scientific evidence proving how much it matters what we set our minds on。 。。。more

Wendy

Can’t wait to put these ideas into practice!

Mitchell Davison

Deep workMaximize intensity of focusWho you are, what you do, and how happy you are is the sum of the things you pay attention to, not your circumstances。 What you pay attention to, determines how you feel。 What you love is what you focus your attention on。 The more you try to do the less you actually accomplish - pursue a small number of ambitious outcomes Track hours of deep work。 With a weekly review The Zeigarnik effect is a psychological phenomenon describing a tendency to remember interrup Deep workMaximize intensity of focusWho you are, what you do, and how happy you are is the sum of the things you pay attention to, not your circumstances。 What you pay attention to, determines how you feel。 What you love is what you focus your attention on。 The more you try to do the less you actually accomplish - pursue a small number of ambitious outcomes Track hours of deep work。 With a weekly review The Zeigarnik effect is a psychological phenomenon describing a tendency to remember interrupted or incomplete tasks or events more easily than tasks that have been completed。 This phenomenon was first noticed in the early 1900s and has been reproduced in a number of studies。When you work, work hard and when you’re done, be done。 Clifford Nass NPR 2010 Ira Flatow interviewConstant attention switching online has a constant negative effect on your brain。 Multitasking all the time - you can’t filter out irrevelency。 Can’t manage a working memory, they are constantly distracted。 Initiate larger parts of the brain than are need for the current task。Can’t just turn on concentration when needed。 Become a sucker for irrelevancy。 Once your brain becomes accustomed to on demand distraction, it’s hard to shake the addiction, even when you want to concentrate。 Don’t relieve boring moments in your life w a glance at your smart phone。 Improve your ability to concentrate intensely, and overcome your desire for distraction。 Work on the 20% of problems that provide 80% of results。Focus on the issues that will provide the biggest results firstOverall I really liked it。 Computer science provides lessons in focus and efficiency and not getting lost in the “shallow” efforts of modern life that don’t leave you fulfilled or any closer to your goals。 Worth a reread once every year or two in order to stay focused on the points in the book。 。。。more

Summer Wright

Where was this book fifteen years ago? Though there are a few parts I rolled my eyes at (internet run by clueless 20 something’s, really?), I liked this book a lot。 There wasn’t much in here that’s new to me, but’s that because I’m an avid reader and always looking for ways to overcome my attention disorder。 (I seriously think of this book as Executive Functioning for Content Producers。) Between what I’ve read about of neurophysiology and mediation, of intentional habit formation for positive ch Where was this book fifteen years ago? Though there are a few parts I rolled my eyes at (internet run by clueless 20 something’s, really?), I liked this book a lot。 There wasn’t much in here that’s new to me, but’s that because I’m an avid reader and always looking for ways to overcome my attention disorder。 (I seriously think of this book as Executive Functioning for Content Producers。) Between what I’ve read about of neurophysiology and mediation, of intentional habit formation for positive change, of toolbox cultivation for successful leadership models, of seeing the idea of “willpower” as the bullshit that it is, the vast majority of the practices this author suggests I’ve already got in rotation。 I wish I could have found this one-stop-shop version first a long time ago, lol, but it was still great to have someone else pull the threads together。The only reason I didn’t give it five stars is because I feel there isn’t enough of “the dose makes the poison” conversation。 I’m certainly not going to completely cut social media out of my life, but I’m the kind of person who can handle just checking it once or twice a week。 I can’t really handle the distraction temptation of having my phone close at hand at home, though, so when the kids are around, the phone is tucked away。 I also don’t think there’s enough of a focus on non work-centered approaches to using deep focus。 Yes, people need clarity and purpose in their lives, but it doesn’t have to come from work。 A person can have the “why” of their job, do it well (at craftsman level) and then go find meaning elsewhere using the same techniques。Overall great, and I look forward to adding some of the new ideas into rotation! 。。。more

Beatrice Portinari

3。5 stars。 Some really good points from this book for me: 1。 Work consistently & in a focused manner, such that you build a habit of it。 2。 Pace yourself in time blocks (eg end all work by 5pm)3。 It may require some resources to set aside a proper environment (point 4 below)4。 Examples of greats who took their deep work seriously (eg。 Carl Jung, who built Bollingen Tower just so that he could think\\write in peace)I did not finish reading all of it, and went to reddit to get a really useful summ 3。5 stars。 Some really good points from this book for me: 1。 Work consistently & in a focused manner, such that you build a habit of it。 2。 Pace yourself in time blocks (eg end all work by 5pm)3。 It may require some resources to set aside a proper environment (point 4 below)4。 Examples of greats who took their deep work seriously (eg。 Carl Jung, who built Bollingen Tower just so that he could think\\write in peace)I did not finish reading all of it, and went to reddit to get a really useful summary of the main points, instead。 。。。more

Todd Dunaway

A phenomenal read with tools and exercises to start the path into deep work。 I would invite anyone who has a job in any field to read this book。

Harish Vaidyanathan

The fundamental concepts are good and definitely relevant, but the tools provided in the book have been superseded by better tools。

Chí

This book is quite informative and helpful, particularly for those who are white-collar workers。 I find part 1 is really interesting and clarify why we should deep work, the other part is more practical。

Marwa

كتاب عن العمل العميق يتحدث الكتاب عن صعوبة العمل بعمق في هذا الزمن مع وسائل التواصل والاتصال الدائم بالشبكة 。 الرائع في الكتاب هو الحلول العملية والعلمية للوصول الى هذه الحالة من الانغماس في العمل。غيرت فعلا من بعض عاداتي محاولة لان ازيد ساعات العمل الجاد。

Aditya Prakash

Excellent book。 The book starts with reasons to do deep work rather than shallow work。 Not only it considers it's advantages but also compare it with some modern business models like open spaces and when should we choose them。 The second part of this book provides with the rules to do deep work。 First of them bein how to include deep work in your lifestyle, second being how to avoid minor distractions, third being why and how to quit social media and last being how to keep yourself motivated for Excellent book。 The book starts with reasons to do deep work rather than shallow work。 Not only it considers it's advantages but also compare it with some modern business models like open spaces and when should we choose them。 The second part of this book provides with the rules to do deep work。 First of them bein how to include deep work in your lifestyle, second being how to avoid minor distractions, third being why and how to quit social media and last being how to keep yourself motivated for deep work by eliminating minor shallow work with tight deadlines。 The author has used case studies of successful people as well as given instances of his own life。You should read the book as it is written in a reader friendly manner。 。。。more

Siew Yi

Like ok only lor。 I expected the book to be life-changing but it felt more like an "Oh。 Ok。" kind of read。。Expectations begets disappointments, I guess。Can read if you have nothing else to read! Like ok only lor。 I expected the book to be life-changing but it felt more like an "Oh。 Ok。" kind of read。。Expectations begets disappointments, I guess。Can read if you have nothing else to read! 。。。more

Mokah25

Practical and helpful information。 It’s a little dry and repititive, but good nuggets on how to really focus。

Piotr Jarzemski

Interesting content, valuable ideas, however, argumentation lacks a bit more scientific research。 Overall, a good book, but not outstanding。

Bruce Wayne

I have many, many thoughts on this book。 I'm currently sitting here at my computer thinking through how to write this review, that will also be a release of some of my thoughts (at a high level) about this read。。。 I think first and foremost, if you are reading this book - practice what it preaches simply while reading it! Put away your phone, your Apple watch, silence notifications, go to an area to concentrate。 Attempt to stay focused for as long as you can while reading it, or make goals to re I have many, many thoughts on this book。 I'm currently sitting here at my computer thinking through how to write this review, that will also be a release of some of my thoughts (at a high level) about this read。。。 I think first and foremost, if you are reading this book - practice what it preaches simply while reading it! Put away your phone, your Apple watch, silence notifications, go to an area to concentrate。 Attempt to stay focused for as long as you can while reading it, or make goals to read for 30-60 minutes without interruption。 Because this is the essence of deep work。。。 And if you struggle to do just this, productively read without distraction or WANTING to be distracted, then you need to follow the advice of this book。 Not to tee, not because it is the end-all-be-all, not because it is going to drastically change your life。 But because it should give a new perspective about how you're living your life。 Or, if you're like me, it will further clarify things you can feel about your life that need to change, need to be better, and yet you don't know why。 It's likely because you're living a shallow life, of shallow work - no offense。 Deep work is a scarce commodity in today's world; every day its value ticks up, just like a perpetually increasing stock on Wall Street。 And unfortunately, our society, at least in America, has evolved both subconsciously, and by ignorant choice, to prioritize, to become ADDICTED to shallow work。 To BEING shallow。 It's a silent killer。 I say this because I was falling victim to it - to shallow work - after once being a master of deep work。 Part of this is not my fault, just like part of your shallow living and shallow work habits are not your fault either。 It's literally how we've been programmed to live in the last 10-20 years。 It's also what businesses choose to promote。。。 "Agile" workers who can manage multiple projects and assignments at once, never getting lost or too deep into a topic, challenge, or situation because it's supposedly inefficient, unnecessary, and costly。 Businesses have evolved into believing their people are most effective when they are like a swinging pendulum, gradually scraping the surface of whatever they are doing before swinging on to something else, hardly ever really making an impact。 Where I work is one of these companies, and it's within one of those industries。 Plagued by shallow work that is unrelenting。 Emails at all times of the day and night, meetings every few hours, loads and loads of busy work that nearly has no value。 Initially, a few years ago (and fresh out of college), I simply embraced the culture of my company and this approach of hurried focus。 Being young and wanting to prove myself, I never complained or thought to analyze the true value of the shallow work I was doing。 Instead I simply kept trying to see how much more I could do - how many assignments I could be a part of simultaneously。 Humbly, I'll even admit I was pretty damn good at it。 I was even rewarded financially for recognition of my ability to be "on top" of so many assignments at once and because my effort to maintain the (shallow) weight on my shoulders was consistent every day of the year, all year。 However, after a year working like this, and subsequently living the same way, I started to become burned out。 And while working tirelessly at work still, I began to mentally take a step back and ask - what am I really working on? Why am I spending so much time on this? And even more disheartening, did I even do a good job or really understand what I've been working on despite spending so much time on it? Through these questions I didn't have a blinding moment of truth or an epiphany of how shallow I was working, but it was a progressive feeling I developed that kept growing stronger。 It was down in my core, that something was "off"; something wasn't right with how I was working or WHY I was working this way。 It wasn't me。 It wasn't what I wanted to do。 I enjoyed my work - where I worked, who I worked with, and what I worked on。 But I came to realize I did not enjoy my lack of concentration towards things。 I did not enjoy how I had grown comfortable with the hurried focus approach, and that it felt like the gears in my brain were turning at 7000 rpm while I simply could not produce work at the same rate。 I would go home at the end of the night with all these feelings that I needed to change the way I was working, but before I could even think about them long enough, my phone would ding with new notification, and off I was on living a shallow after work life。 I did not truly understand how shallow I was really working until I changed positions at my job due to an internal vacancy/promotion。 In my new role I was to spend time developing the new applicable skill set, and my responsibility was reduced to allow me to develop and learn while performing at the same time。 And I was immediately incredibly bored。 I missed the frantic days of covering 6-10 different assignments or meetings, because now I was only given 3-4 per day。 I told myself this is what I needed, and that this was a great opportunity because now I had time to develop more, to truly harness experience and skills, and to focus longer on tasks。 But despite the nearly daily reminder of this, I struggled immensely to be productive, and more so, to feel fulfilled by my work。 This is when I knew I had to make a change。 Not change companies or industries, but to change myself。 My mind。 My thinking。 I needed deep work。I knew I needed deep work because years earlier, in college, I had become a master of it。 I studied mechanical engineering at one of the top schools in the country - it was ranked within the Top 10 Mechanical Engineering programs in the U。S。 So safe to say, my major was not easy。 It was relentlessly exhausting。 Math problems that would take 3-4 hours to solve correctly; labs that took 8-10 hours every week to complete and write formal reports for; subject material that took years for former professors and academics to develop that I was to learn in a day。 Almost every night I was up past 2am working on homework, and then waking up the next day at 7am for class。 Not because I slacked off during the day, but this is simply the life that I thought was necessary at the time - ask most other ME students。 It was like this every day, every semester。 In my first two years of college, I was simply broken down by the workload。 I could keep up but my ability to learn declined, and I forgot how to learn because I felt like I didn't have time to think about it。 Second semester sophomore year, I nearly failed a class。 At one point I met with the professor days before the final to ask for studying advice and to also talk about my chances of passing - he was blunt and said it was unlikely I would pass。 I went into deep panic because this would mean retaking the class as it was mandatory for graduation, and a mandatory prerequisite for next semester classes。 Meaning I would either have to take it over the summer, or delay other classes the following semester to retake it which would push back my degree progress and probably delay my graduation。 All of this meant more financial burdening。 By the grace of God, I passed the final and miraculously passed the class - to this day I honestly don't know if the professor took pity on me or not, because I don't understand how my assignment scores allowed me to pass。 But it was that semester that I knew I needed to change。 I knew all my study habits, exam taking methods, and simply how I was spending my time every day had to change。 So I developed a deep work habit。 The following semester, I knew I needed to work methodically, and had to focus deeply on every assignment to learn it as best as I could on the first pass。 I started treating my college days like 8-10 hour work days; I would be on campus from the same time everyday Monday through Friday。 Usually 8am to 5pm。 In between class and lab time, I would hunker down in empty computer labs and basement classrooms for hours, usually alone, where I would work for hours on each homework assignment。 I would put my phone away and silence notifications, close email, and essentially go off the grid until I finished the assignment。 I would come back to my shared apartment at 5, talk with my roommates, cook dinner, watch an episode of The Office, and then start working deeply again。 Depending on how distracting my roommates were, I would either lock myself in my bedroom for the remainder of the night, or I would go back to campus。 By this junior year of college, I knew exactly which campus building doors were unlocked till late at night, which computer labs were never busy, and even where I could go that likely no one could find me。 This extreme dedication to work deeply and to be so methodical about my time was immediately recognized through my exam performance and final semester grades。 I had even received a 100% on both a formal lab report and a two hour differential calculus exam - an rare feat in mechanical engineering。 The following semesters until graduation I received straight A's, and at least one other 100% on an exam that had an average in the upper 60%s。 It was incredible。 My first two years of college I was a B-/C+ student, and had a GPA that turned away most employers while I was looking for internships。 By my graduation, I was an A- average student, and raised my GPA nearly 0。6 points。 And ultimately I received the job offer from where I work now, with a salary in the top 10% of my major's graduating class。 My point with telling all this is that if I did not work deeply during my remaining years of college, I wouldn't have performed as I did, learned as much as I did, and would not be working where I am now。 Therefore, I have first hand evidence of the value and importance of deep work, and I know what it takes to work deeply。 I am currently trying to restructure my habits at my job around habits that foster deep work, so I can start out-striding my colleagues, start gaining recognition for my intelligence and decision making ability (instead of the ability to quickly complete shallow work), and so I can feel more fulfilled - more meaningful - at the end of each day。 This will take change, and it will be challenging, but I can do it。 I've done it before。 And this book has outlined many ways to accomplish a rejuvenated shift to work deeply。 And the great thing about deep work, is that it can be done by anyone, and likely does not require DRASTIC life changes。 It requires fine-tuning to your life and your time。 It requires you to think productively, and to be more methodical about your time。 Or in simpler terms - it requires you to think more! Start paying attention to what you actually think about during the day, and if those thoughts are actually productive, and how long you are thinking them。 It's likely you have room for improvement。 We all do。 。。。more